The Book Model   Mature Non-simple - can include Table of contents Index Page numbers Chapter and other section divisions Electronic books are here SuperBook (1989); Book Emulator (1990) Yearly NIST conferences A product with 2 hinged screens (2 pages) (No longer available?)

 

The Newspaper Model   Mature Presents information in order of importance Page 1 more important than page 2 Paragraph 1 more important than paragraph 2 Presents multiple content items at once "direct multidisplay" Electronic newspaper work includes Kamba et al. (1995) Golovchinsky and Chignell (1997)

 

The Citation Model   Mature Traditionally most visible in scholarly work Nowadays most visible as hyperlinks Undependability of hyperlinks motivates URNs PURLs The Internet Archive Web document versioning systems

 

The Reuse Model   Includes:   The traditional quote   <img src=ourLogo.jpg>   Nelson's concept of transclusion   Dynamically access a chunk of one document  Use it as part of another document

 

The Composition Model   Refers to building parts into a whole Examples include:   Halasz' "browsers" & "fileboxes" Elastic Windows Sticky portals (Pad++) Krakatoa (e-newspaper) CollageMachine (Kerne) Web browser bookmark lists. . .

The Query Model   Form an interesting contrast with hyperlinks   Dynamic Can retrieve multiple results Hard to input Web search engines show the necessity Advanced uses include question answering   "Queries-R-Links," or fundamentally different?

The Text Mining Model Just a few examples -   Web search engine robots . . . they index, count links, etc.    Web search engines . . . they rank, suggest new query terms, etc.

The Directory Model Underlies many printed reference works   Web directories are highly heirarchical   Yahoo combines directory with indexing   Logarithmic drilling process:    nice   One-size-fits-all taxonomy:   not nice

The Index Model Books have them   Web search engines have them    Libraries have them   . . .

Some Hybrid Systems Book and Hypermedia: long HTML documents could benefit from page numbers and a clickable automatically generated index at the end Book and Query: divide long on-line documents into page-sized files and index with a search engine. Use Web browser and access a search engine to browse it. See http://class.ee.iastate.edu/berleant/home/Research/DWD/ WebBookPager/index.htm Newspaper, Query, and Index: automatically query a search engine nightly. URLs of any documents that are changed, new, or deleted since the previous night are emailed to the subscriber Citation and Hypermedia: references at the end of a scholarly paper could profitably state where in the paper they were cited. Example: see this paper in the CIKM proceedings Directory and Citation: Science Citation Index and Social Science Citation Index are traditional examples; ResearchIndex is on-line, free, and even presented at this CIKM

 

REFERENCES [1] Benest, I.D. A hypertext system with controlled hype. In McAleese, R. and Green, C. (eds.). Hypertext: State of the Art. Intellect Books, Oxford, 1990. (Cited in Sec. 3.2) [2] Berghel, H., Berleant, D., Foy, T., and McGuire, M. Cyberbrowsing: Information customization on the Web. Journal of the American Society for Information Science (JASIS), 50, 10 (May 1999), 505-511. (Cited in Sec’s. 2, 3.1, & 4 item 6) [3] Bollacker, K., Lawrence, S., and Giles, C.L. CiteSeer: An autonomous Web agent for automatic retrieval and identification of interesting publications. In Proceedings of the Second International ACM Conference on Autonomous Agents, ACM Press, 1998. (Cited in Sec. 4 item 32)

Some (More) Hybrid Systems Directory and Text Mining: use text mining to automatically generate multiple alternative Web directories based on term occurrences and co-occurrences Directory and Composition: automatically organize the URLs a user visits over time into a heirarchical, personal, annotated directory resource  Hypermedia and Composition: support reader annotation of on-line documents Reuse and Text Mining: automatically mine on-line resources for qualifying sentences, and organize the sentences into a multi-level index based on their keyword content Reuse and Composition: Web browsers already allow highlighting of passages in displayed material. A button could be provided that, when clicked, saves and indexes such passages into a repository for later use.  Reuse and Composition: augment our multibrowser work with click-to-freeze subwindows Query and Composition: augment a search engine so that users could click on an item in a returned list to retain that item on the screen after they request the next 10 items